Archive
136 articles, grouped by date.
A single cryptographic primitive — the KZG polynomial commitment — quietly powers EIP-4844 blobs, zkEVM proof systems, and on-chain verifiable AI. You can verify one on Ethereum for 50,000 gas ($0.067 today). Here's the math, the ceremony, and why every zkML system depends on it.
Foundry forks freeze five properties of the Ethereum execution environment that are live, adversarial, and expensive in production: basefee, oracle prices, blockhash entropy, MEV competition, and TWAP accumulation. Each one silently misleads AI agents through testing.
Every EIP-4844 blob is secured by a KZG polynomial commitment — 48 bytes committing to 128 KB, verifiable in 50,000 gas. That efficiency required 140,416 people to collectively bury a secret for 69 days. Here's the math, the ceremony, and why Ethereum chose a different scheme for state.
When a perp DEX's insurance fund runs dry, ADL force-closes winning positions first — ranked by profit %. Chitra 2026 proves no mechanism can be solvent, fair, and revenue-neutral. Hyperliquid Oct 10 2025: $2.1B closed, $653M via ADL, $45–51.7M haircut in 12 min.
An on-chain agent's transactions prove what happened, not why. Three 2026 papers on trajectory anomaly detection show how to close that gap — and how the optimistic bisection game from rollups makes it slashable.
An AI agent holding a raw ECDSA key is one model compromise from total loss. FROST's two-round DKG means the full private key never exists anywhere — not during setup, not during signing. Here's the mechanism, the Ethereum gap, and how Lit Protocol PKPs deploy it today.
PREVRANDAO costs roughly $88 per bit to bias. Chainlink VRF costs $2.43 per request. Here's how to choose the right randomness source for AI agents making on-chain decisions — and what breaks when you choose wrong.
Deposit ETH in Aave, borrow USDC, buy more ETH, repeat. Three loops creates 2.97× leverage from a single ETH — and all three positions share one liquidation trigger at −3% ETH price. The math, the cascade, and why AI yield optimizers find themselves here by default.
ElizaOS agents treat their memory store as ground truth — their own past. CrAIBench tests 685 attack cases across 33 Web3 action types and finds memory injection hits 55.1% ASR even on Claude Sonnet 3.7, while every off-the-shelf detector fails.
Bitcoin burns ~150 TWh/yr on SHA-256 nonces that prove nothing. Komargodski & Weinstein showed a Freivalds randomisation check turns any matmul into a valid proof-of-work at only 3/(2N) overhead — the same GPU seconds train your model and mine the block.
EIP-4844 blobs look like cheap on-chain storage, but they vanish in 18 days. Here is why DA windows break AI training pipelines and what to use instead.
Softmax costs 275 ZK constraints per element vs 4 for MatMul. ZK-DeepSeek proved Transformer inference is expressible in SNARKs. Lookup arguments (Lasso, LogUp) explain how — replacing in-circuit transcendental approximations with pre-committed tables cuts nonlinear costs 10–20×.