The Op Queue
The six stages of an ERC-4337 UserOperation — from construction by an AI agent to paymaster settlement — with the actor, failure modes, and gas cost at each step.
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The Paymaster's Bargain: ERC-4337 Bundler Economics and the Gas-Free AI Agent
ERC-4337 lets AI agents transact without holding ETH — but the alt-mempool has its own fee market, bundler economics, and MEV surface every builder must understand.
6 min read ⬢ interactive