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Ethereum mainnet gas averaged 0.16 Gwei in June 2026 — a 3,000× drop from DeFi summer 2021. That collapse doesn't just cut costs; it invalidates five years of AI agent design assumptions and opens architectures that were economically impossible until now.
Speculative decoding accelerates LLM inference 2–4× by splitting work between a cheap draft model and an expensive verifier. When those run on different nodes in a decentralized network, three properties of the protocol that are trivially safe on one machine become open attack surfaces.
Training Llama-3.1-8B costs ~$6M. The weights are free to clone. Perinucleus sampling embeds 24,576 distinct fingerprints per model with no quality loss — and a Poseidon ZK commitment registers ownership on-chain for $0.017, enforceable by smart contract.
MoE routers let inference providers silently halve the experts they activate — saving 31% of compute while staying undetected by every current fingerprinting scheme.