Verification overhead (ms, log scale) for five approaches to trustless LLM inference — NabaOS receipts, TOPLOC fingerprints, DiFR seed-commit, output resampling, and full ZK proof. Hover or tap a row for detail.
DiFR's seed-commitment round-trip is the last synchronization barrier to async verifiable inference. TOPLOC removes it: a locality-sensitive hash of intermediate activations compresses to 258 bytes per 32 tokens — 1,000× smaller than raw embeddings — and validates faster than inference ran.