Archive
136 articles, grouped by date.
ERC-4337 lets AI agents transact without holding ETH — but the alt-mempool has its own fee market, bundler economics, and MEV surface every builder must understand.
FRI-STARKs are fast and trustless, but their proofs are megabytes wide. Groth16 is 256 bytes but needs a ceremony. STARK→SNARK wrapping resolves the tension — and it's why SP1 and RISC Zero can settle any ML inference on L1 for under 300k gas.
Ethereum's 12-second slot clock creates a hard lower bound on AI agent state freshness. Here's what that means for liquidators, arbitrageurs, and yield rebalancers — and how to engineer around it.
Most DeFi protocols are upgradeable, and most on-chain AI agents don't know it. Here's how proxy architecture invalidates agent assumptions — and a tiered defense framework to build around it.
A 15× spike on a $17M pool shifts its 30-minute v2 TWAP by 9.3% in one block. The arithmetic-mean accumulator is far weaker than v3's geometric tick accumulator. Covers the manipulation cost formula, the Inverse Finance case study, and minimum safe pool depth.
Chainlink's push oracle only updates when price moves ≥0.5% or an hour passes. That gap costs AI agents real money — and Pyth's pull model closes most of it.
On-chain AI agents face a circular oracle problem: you need inference to decide if inference is worth calling. Here's what the token cost distribution actually looks like — and how to build around it.
ETH's 3.46% daily volatility buries a 0.1% trading edge so deeply that on-chain P&L needs 4,600 trades — 230 days — before you can tell skill from luck at 95% confidence. Process rewards fix it in 23.
A new paper quantifies what everyone suspected: AI agent tokens trade at >10,000x the capital they actively manage. Here's the mechanics of why, and what it means for builders.
ERC-8004's agent registries went live in January. We read them straight off the chain: ~90,000 registrations across Ethereum and Base, a $0.003 ERC-4337 registration dissected — and a reputation registry already farmed with vouch spam.
We pulled a live x402 settlement off Base: a $0.013 USDC transfer relayed by a facilitator wallet with a nonce past 1.7 million, at an 11% gas-to-value ratio. What on-chain evidence and 100M transactions actually say about the agent economy.
Intent-based DEXes don't route your trade — they auction it. Solvers compete as autonomous optimizers to settle a batch at one clearing price. Inside CoW Protocol's contract, the optimization problem, and the metaheuristic solvers now winning it.